Pennsylvania Dutch is an American language that developed in colonial Pennsylvania. Although today it is used actively only by conservative religious groups such as the Amish, Pennsylvania Dutch used to be spoken by large numbers of people with no connections to the Amish who lived mainly in rural areas of southeastern Pennsylvania. With the dramatic demographic changes of the twentieth century, maintenance of Pennsylvania Dutch declined sharply. In reaction to this decline, the Grundsow (Groundhog) Lodge movement began in 1933, in Allentown, Pennsylvania. The program cover pictured here reads: “The Third Annual Meeting of the Groundhog Lodge Number One on the Lehigh (River). Monday evening after Groundhog Day, at 6:30 p.m., the 3rd of February, 1936.”